In the era of Industry 5.0, data - driven decision - making has become indispensable for optimizing systems across Industrial Engineering. This paper addresses the value of big data analytics by proposing a novel non - linear hybrid approach for forecasting international tourist arrivals in two different contexts: (i) arrivals to Hong Kong from five major source nations (pre - COVID - 19), and (ii) arrivals t o Sanya in Hainan province, China (post - COVID - 19). The method integrates multiple sources of Internet big data and employs an innovative game theory - based algorithm to identify opinion leaders on social media platforms. Subsequently, nonstationary attribut es in tourism demand data are managed through Empirical Wavelet Transform (EWT), ensuring refined time - frequency analysis. Finally, a memory - aware Stacked Bi - directional Long Short - Term Memory (Stacked BiLSTM) network is used to generate accurate demand fo recasts. Experimental results demonstrate that this approach outperforms existing state - of - the - art techniques and remains robust under dynamic and volatile conditions, highlighting its applicability to broader Industrial Engineering domains -- such as logisti cs, supply chain management, and production planning -- where forecasting and resource allocation are key challenges. By merging advanced Deep Learning (DL), time - frequency analysis, and social media insights, the proposed framework showcases how large - scale data can elevate the quality and efficiency of decision - making processes.

For modeling the number of visits in Stopi\'{c}a cave (Serbia) we consider the classical Auto-regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model, Machine Learning (ML) method Support Vector Regression (SVR), and hybrid NeuralPropeth method which combines classical and ML concepts. The most accurate predictions were obtained with NeuralPropeth which includes the seasonal component and growing trend of time-series. In addition, non-linearity is modeled by shallow Neural Network (NN), and Google Trend is incorporated as an exogenous variable. Modeling tourist demand represents great importance for management structures and decision-makers due to its applicability in establishing sustainable tourism utilization strategies in environmentally vulnerable destinations such as caves. The data provided insights into the tourist demand in Stopi\'{c}a cave and preliminary data for addressing the issues of carrying capacity within the most visited cave in Serbia.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been improving the performance of systems for a diverse set of tasks and introduced a more interactive generation of personal agents. Despite the current trend of applying AI for a great amount of areas, we have not seen the same quantity of work being developed for the tourism sector. This paper reports on the main applications of AI systems developed for tourism and the current state of the art for this sector. The paper also provides an up-to-date survey of this field regarding several key works and systems that are applied to tourism, like Personal Agents, for providing a more interactive experience. We also carried out an in-depth research on systems for predicting traffic human flow, more accurate recommendation systems and even how geospatial is trying to display tourism data in a more informative way and prevent problems before they arise.

This study assesses the influence of the forecast horizon on the forecasting performance of several machine learning techniques. We compare the fo recast accuracy of Support Vector Regression (SVR) to Neural Network (NN) models, using a linear model as a benchmark. We focus on international tourism demand to all seventeen regions of Spain. The SVR with a Gaussian radial basis function kernel outperforms the rest of the models for the longest forecast horizons. We also find that machine learning methods improve their forecasting accuracy with respect to linear models as forecast horizons increase. This result shows the suitability of SVR for medium and long term forecasting.

This study presents an extension of the Gaussian process regression model for multiple-input multiple-output forecasting. This approach allows modelling the cross-dependencies between a given set of input variables and generating a vectorial prediction. Making use of the existing correlations in international tourism demand to all seventeen regions of Spain, the performance of the proposed model is assessed in a multiple-step-ahead forecasting comparison. The results of the experiment in a multivariate setting show that the Gaussian process regression model significantly improves the forecasting accuracy of a multi-layer perceptron neural network used as a benchmark. The results reveal that incorporating the connections between different markets in the modelling process may prove very useful to refine predictions at a regional level.

Due to the economic and social impacts of tourism, both private and public sectors are interested in precisely forecasting the tourism demand volume in a timely manner. With recent advances in social networks, more people use online resources to plan their future trips. In this paper we explore the application of Wikipedia usage trends (WUTs) in tourism analysis. We propose a framework that deploys WUTs for forecasting the tourism demand of Hawaii. We also propose a data-driven approach, using WUTs, to estimate the behavior of tourists when they plan their trips.